PROBLEMS OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF CHILDREN BOARDING-TYPE INSTITUTIONS IN THE DOMESTIC SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

Abstract

The article examines the question of rethinking the architectural qualities of a boarding-type building in the domestic discourse. The evolution of views on the main priorities of the institutions of alternative care for children is traced. Also have been determined the key role of Ukraine's adaptation of the deinstitutionalization strategy in the development of approaches to the interpretation of the residential building. Within the chronological limits of the last 30 years, have been highlighted three stages of transformation of the theoretical opinion regarding the planning and spatial structure of the care institutions. One of them is related to the inertia of functionalist approaches, the priority of which were aspects of physical health and ensuring the appropriate social level. The second stage reflects the awareness of the inadequacy of vital pragmatics and the search for different ways of influencing social adaptation and the psychology of positive interaction. At the third stage, a gradual transition to the understanding of the residential building as a small scale structure with a capacity oriented to the family type of cohabitation is noted. This opened up the prospect of a significant rethinking of the methodology of designing alternative care facilities, searching for different methods of adapting existing buildings and designing new ones on the basis that, in general, correspond to the so-called deinstitutionalization strategy adopted by Ukraine in 2017.

In connection with this, there is a question of assessing the current state of domestic scientific opinion regarding the design of residential institutions. On the basis of the methods used, it is compared with the modern understanding of the facility for alternative care in Western countries, where the strategy of deinstitutionalization has a longer history and has given certain theoretical and practical results. In general, it was established that the domestic discourse in this field, despite the relatively small number of works, corresponds to the main trends in the evolution of ideas about the care environment for orphans and children with special needs. A number of features have been identified that are characteristic of current domestic ideas in the field of care and can become the basis for our own tradition of architectural interpretation of children's residential institutions.