ON THE ISSUE OF CHOOSING THE FORM OF THE BASIC ELEMENT OF SPATIAL STRUCTURAL COVERING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2026-16-55-64Keywords:
spatial behavior, finite element analysis, stress–strain state, strength, stability, load-bearing capacity, material efficiency.Abstract
Spatial steel structural roof systems are load-bearing structures widely used to cover large spans in buildings of various functional purposes. Previous studies indicate that the spatial behavior of such systems ensures efficient interaction of bar members, leading to internal force redistribution and enabling a reduction in structural cost through rational selection of the structural configuration. However, the performance of planar and curved steel spatial roof systems is governed by individual parameters while other system characteristics remain unchanged.
One of the key parameters affecting the stress–strain state is the support condition of the slab component, particularly the number of supports and their layout in plan. Columns may be concentrated in corner zones, arranged along the external perimeter, located along the longitudinal sides, or introduced within the internal slab area. Another significant parameter is the geometric configuration of the spatial basic module of the steel structural roof, which is periodically repeated in two orthogonal directions and defines the overall structural system. The spatial basic module consists of vertical, inclined, and horizontal members assembled into an ordered three-dimensional framework. The resemblance of this configuration to naturally occurring crystal lattices results in increased structural stiffness and enhanced load-bearing performance under applied loads.
In this study, a numerical investigation of three variants of spatial steel structures was performed using the finite element method. The computational models differed only in the configuration of the spatial basic module, whereas the slab geometry, material properties, mechanical characteristics of the members, applied loads and boundary conditions were kept constant. For each variant, the stress–strain state was evaluated, stability parameters were assessed, and member cross-sections were designed in accordance with current design codes.
The most rational structural solution was identified based on a material efficiency criterion by calculating the total structural weight. The model based on the type 3 spatial basic module exhibited the highest material efficiency, with a total weight reduction of 34.2% compared to the first variant and 21% compared to the second.
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