SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES TO CURRENT TRANSFORMATION OF BOARDING SCHOOLS AT THE AGE OF MODERNISM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2023-6-9-16Keywords:
deinstitutionalization, conversion, typical design, modernist objects, family-type institutions.Abstract
The article presents a number of possible approaches for the spatial and functional transformation of boarding facilities built in the era of modernism within the framework of Soviet standard construction. The main goal of this work was to create a theoretical basis for the gradual process of transformation of the existing material base of care for children deprived of parental care within the framework of the "de-institutionalization" strategy, which, in turn, is based on the privileging of family-type collectives.
In the sense of the architectural strategy, the process of transformation of "institutionalized" institutions of the traditional planning and spatial structure based on the functionalist-rationalist method of design into "deinstitutionalized" institutions with the allocation of several zones for the family-type team is considered. It is assumed, that this method of achieving the goals of deinstitutionalization is only one of the possible ways related to the situation when the old premises of social care will cease to perform their functions in the traditional mode and the question of their new further use will arise. In addition, it was suggested that due to the presence of a certain number of residential facilities built on the basis of so-called standard projects, it may be possible to talk about the creation of "standard" recommendations based on them, which, to a certain extent, will simplify and reduce the cost of the process of reorientation of social care institutions about children deprived of parental care in the format of a family group.
Four transformative principles have been outlined that will allow the process of refurbishing old modernist facilities, mostly built during the Soviet period, in accordance with the principles of the deinstitutionalization strategy adopted in Ukraine as the basis of the state treatment program for children in need of social care. They cover a complex of spheres, in particular, such as the positive constitution of the child's personality, his effective socialization, constant energy efficiency, etc.
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